Void Linux is an independently developed,ย rolling-release, general-purpose Linux operating system. It is built from scratch andย is not basedย on any of the main distros we know. In addition, Void is arguably the most BSD-like of all Linux distributions.
One of the reasons to consider using this distro is the excellent package management system. If you are new to Void or want to learn more about using the XBPS package manager, this guide is for you.
In this article, we will explain what XBPS is, how to install and update packages, search for packages, and manage dependencies. By the end of this guide, you will have a solid understanding of using the XBPS package manager on Void Linux.
What is XBPS in Void Linux?
XBPS (X Binary Package System) is the package manager used on Void Linux to handle software installation, upgrades, and removal. Initially written for Void from scratch, it is also a portable package manager you could theoretically use elsewhere.
Youโll probably notice that there is no xbps man page and no individual xbps binary because XBPS is a collection of programs that are pretty much related and similar in structure. Still, of course, they are different commands.
Even though the XBPS package manager has many advanced features, basic software management operations are accomplished with four command-line programs.
- xbps-query: for querying the repositories and the installed system.
- xbps-install: for updates and installations.
- xbps-remove: for uninstalling.
- xbps-src: for building packages distributed by third parties as source archives.
An installation package in Void Linux consists of one “.xbps” file and an associated “.xbps.sig” file used to install a particular piece of software on a Void system.
Void Linux Repositories
By default, Void Linux only has free software. In other words, there is a division between free and non-free software. If you want to install non-free software on your Void Linux system, you need to install the following extra repository:
- void-repo-nonfree
- void-repo-multilib-nonfree
Just type in the terminal:
sudo xbps-install -S void-repo-nonfree void-repo-multilib-nonfreeCode language: JavaScript (javascript)To query the list of working repositories, add the -L (--list-repos) option to the xbps-query command:
xbps-query -L
Update Package Lists
Like all package managers, XBPS uses repositories to obtain packages. And like any other system, keeping your Void system up-to-date is essential.
The xbps-install -Su command (--sync, --update) downloads up-to-date information about available software packages:
sudo xbps-install -Su
This downloads the latest software packages and their metadata โ package names, version numbers, etc.
Searching for Packages
To search available repositories for packages, use the xbps-query command. This utility in XBPS enables you to search for the required package and the information on the repository.
To search for a specific package, for example, “vlc,” in the remote repositories, run:
xbps-query -Rs vlc
The -R (--repository) option enables repository mode, and -s (--search) searches for packages by matching patterns. In our case, it looks for vlc-related packages, so everything that has “vlc” either in the name or the description will pop up.
Searching Through Installed Packages
What if you want to list specific currently installed packages only? Pass the -l (--list-pkgs) option to the xbps-query command and pipe the output using the grep command.
For example, to find all the packages currently installed on your Void Linux system which contain the vlc within their name, run:
xbps-query -l | grep vlc
Installing and Updating Packages
The xbps-install command enables you to install, reinstall, or update packages as required by the use case.
Passing the -S, (--sync) option to the xbps-install command is recommended, which updates the package index to ensure ensure you get the most recent version.
So if you want to install something, for example, vlc, run:
sudo xbps-install -S vlc
As you can see from the image above, xbps-install will automatically identify all the necessary dependencies and take care of them.
Removing Packages
The xbps-remove utility removes installed packages from the system. In addition, adding the -R (--recursive) option to the command removes unneeded dependencies that were installed by the target package.
To remove a package with all its dependencies, for example, “vlc,” run the following command:
sudo xbps-remove -R vlc
Remove Orphaned (Unused) Packages
After removing a package in Void Linux, there may still be some remaining orphaned (unused) packages that were dependencies of the removed package. However, these orphaned packages are not required anymore, so we can get rid of them to free up some space.
To remove these packages, run the following:
sudo xbps-remove -yoYou can also free up more space by removing old installed versions of the Linux kernel from your system:
sudo vkpurge rm allGet Details About Package
The xbps-query -Rs command gives you a brief introduction to the packages. If you want more details, use the xbps-query command with only the -R (--repository) option added.
For example, to display the detailed information from the sync database about the vlc package, run:
xbps-query -R vlc
Clean-Up Package Cache
Every time xbps-install downloads a new pkg, either a new installation or upgrade, it is stored in “/var/cache/xbps.” So, if you don’t remove them periodically, they will slowly eat up your hard drive space; sooner or later, you could have low disk space.
To avoid this is good to remove the cache periodically. For example, to remove all the cached packages, execute the following:
sudo xbps-remove -yOInstalling Packages from Source
The xbps-src tool itself is a Bash shell script that allows you to build and install source packages from Void’s GitHub repository into Void’s binaries that you can use XBPS to install. You will mainly use it to install packages unavailable in the official Void repositories.
The core of Void’s method of organizing source package directories, build directories, and associated build system paths is a clone of Void’s GitHub repository of source packages.
Therefore, make sure that you have the git package installed. Run this command in your terminal if it is not.
sudo xbps-install -S gitThen you will need to clone the Void’s packages repository from GitHub.
git clone https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages.gitCode language: PHP (php)
This will create the directory void-packages with the source tree of all Void packages in srcpkgs.
Next, cd into the newly created directory and install the binary bootstrap required to build the binary packages in isolation.
cd void-packages
./xbps-src binary-bootstrapCode language: JavaScript (javascript)
For this guide, I am going to install the Google Chrome browser. This will work for any package, though.
First, enable restricted packages:
echo XBPS_ALLOW_RESTRICTED=yes >> etc/confCode language: PHP (php)The package is built with the following:
./xbps-src pkg google-chrome
The above process places the built binary package in the void-packages/hostdir/binpkgs/nonfree/ directory.
Finally, the package can be installed:
sudo xbps-install --repository=hostdir/binpkgs/nonfree google-chrome
Conclusion
The XBPS package manager is a powerful tool that makes managing software on Void Linux easy and efficient. This guide has covered most of the commands you need to know when using it. Hopefully, it was helpful in your journey with Void Linux. With this knowledge, you can now explore the vast and growing library of packages available on Void and customize your system to suit your needs.
Moreover, similarly to Arch or Gentoo, Void can be transformed into whatever you want. Here is our comprehensive tutorial, which will guide you through all the steps of the installation: How to Install Void Linux: A Complete Step-by-Step Guide
You can find detailed documentation about the XBPS package manager in the official Void Linux Handbook.
